See xala on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "fa",
"3": "خاله",
"tr": "xâle"
},
"expansion": "Persian خاله (xâle)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "ar",
"3": "خالة"
},
"expansion": "Arabic خالة (ḵāla)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Persian خاله (xâle), ultimately from Arabic خالة (ḵāla).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xalanı",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "xala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaladan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaımı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarımı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaımızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarımızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaınızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarınızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaımıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarımıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaınıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarınıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaımızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarımızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaınızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarınızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaımızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarımızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaınızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarınızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaımın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarımın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaımızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarımızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaınızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarınızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "xala (definite accusative xalanı, plural xalalar)",
"name": "az-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"xa",
"la"
]
}
],
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Azerbaijani entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "az",
"name": "Family members",
"orig": "az:Family members",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "paternal aunt",
"translation": "paternal aunt",
"word": "bibi"
},
{
"english": "paternal uncle",
"translation": "paternal uncle",
"word": "əmi"
},
{
"english": "maternal uncle",
"translation": "maternal uncle",
"word": "dayı"
}
],
"glosses": [
"maternal aunt (one's mother's sister)"
],
"id": "en-xala-az-noun-1qZXdoOt",
"links": [
[
"maternal aunt",
"maternal aunt"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "male paternal cousin",
"translation": "male paternal cousin",
"word": "əmioğlu"
},
{
"english": "female paternal cousin",
"translation": "female paternal cousin",
"word": "əmiqızı"
},
{
"english": "male maternal cousin",
"translation": "male maternal cousin",
"word": "dayıoğlu"
},
{
"english": "female paternal cousin",
"translation": "female paternal cousin",
"word": "dayıqızı"
},
{
"english": "sororal niece",
"translation": "sororal niece",
"word": "bacıqızı"
},
{
"english": "sororal nephew",
"translation": "sororal nephew",
"word": "bacıoğlu"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xɑˈɫɑ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9292 (aze)-Zexan2-xala.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/LL-Q9292_%28aze%29-Zexan2-xala.wav/LL-Q9292_%28aze%29-Zexan2-xala.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/LL-Q9292_%28aze%29-Zexan2-xala.wav/LL-Q9292_%28aze%29-Zexan2-xala.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Tabriz"
]
}
],
"word": "xala"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xales",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "xala f (plural xales)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a pleasure outing or excursion, especially a noisy one"
],
"id": "en-xala-ca-noun-Zlf57vpI",
"links": [
[
"outing",
"outing"
],
[
"excursion",
"excursion"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "forada"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "xala"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "xala",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 74 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 82 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 74 5 3 1 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "xalar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of xalar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-xala-ca-verb-VvY0OXSO",
"links": [
[
"xalar",
"xalar#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "xalar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of xalar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-xala-ca-verb-6BLann7c",
"links": [
[
"xalar",
"xalar#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "xala"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nci",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"cat2": "headword lines missing parameters",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "xala",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "xala",
"name": "nci-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Classical Nahuatl",
"lang_code": "nci",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "xāllah"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Nahuatl entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Nahuatl headword lines missing parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Nahuatl links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"obsolete spelling of xāllah"
],
"id": "en-xala-nci-noun-IZjRIF89",
"links": [
[
"xāllah",
"xallah#Classical_Nahuatl"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"locative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "xala"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kxc",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "xala",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Konso",
"lang_code": "kxc",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Konso entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"yesterday"
],
"id": "en-xala-kxc-adv-lSPZ--eb",
"links": [
[
"yesterday",
"yesterday"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/χala/"
}
],
"word": "xala"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "xalina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "xalica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "xalъka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": ">? *xalǫga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "scrub, hedge, bundle",
"translation": "scrub, hedge, bundle",
"word": "xaliga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "cottage",
"translation": "cottage",
"word": ">? *xalupa"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"roman": "xalʹ",
"sense": "rag",
"word": "халь"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "xal",
"word": "хал"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "xálovščina",
"sense": "junk, worthless stuff",
"word": "ха́ловщина"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "xalʹjó",
"sense": "old dress",
"word": "хальё"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "hálište",
"sense": "rough fabric, mat",
"word": "ха́лище"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain",
"pl"
],
"roman": "ališta",
"sense": "clothing",
"word": "алишта"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ха̏ља"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ха̀љина"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "hȁlja"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "hàljina"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "chalka"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "overgarment",
"word": "halka"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "chała"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"raw_tags": [
"pl"
],
"sense": "rags",
"word": "chałë"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ksōleh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ksōleh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*xalati",
"3": "*-a",
"t1": "to wear out, to rag"
},
"expansion": "*xalati (“to wear out, to rag”) + *-a",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*xajati",
"3": "*xati",
"t": "to stagger, to reel; to be concerned"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xati (“to stagger, to reel; to be concerned”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kes-",
"4": "",
"5": "to mow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to mow”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Per Snoj and Trubačev, from Proto-Indo-European *ksōleh₂, *ksōlyeh₂, perhaps an action/resultant noun of *xalati (“to wear out, to rag”) + *-a or substantivized from the l-participle of Proto-Slavic *xati (“to stagger, to reel; to be concerned”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to mow”). Trubačev further identifies this term with Etymology 2.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xàla",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "xala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xàly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xàly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xàly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlamī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xàly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "*xalь",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*xaľa",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"head": "*xàla"
},
"expansion": "*xàla f",
"name": "sla-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xala",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "naxalъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "insolent person",
"translation": "insolent person",
"word": "xalujь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "bounder, slob",
"translation": "bounder, slob",
"word": ">? *xalъda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "xalъkъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "crummy, intrusive; insolent, quarrelsome (for person)",
"translation": "crummy, intrusive; insolent, quarrelsome (for person)",
"word": "xalovъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "vanity, futility",
"translation": "vanity, futility",
"word": ">? *xalostь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "xalavъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "avid, insatiable",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"translation": "avid, insatiable",
"word": "xalovitъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to tend, to care for",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"translation": "to tend, to care for",
"word": "xoliti"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"something torn, shattered, worn-out"
],
"id": "en-xala-sla-pro-noun-53BvZgLC",
"links": [
[
"torn",
"torn"
],
[
"shattered",
"shattered"
],
[
"worn-out",
"worn-out"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cheap cloth, rag"
],
"id": "en-xala-sla-pro-noun-JOzI~muA",
"links": [
[
"cheap",
"cheap"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"rag",
"rag"
]
],
"qualifier": "via specialization",
"raw_glosses": [
"(via specialization) cheap cloth, rag"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "xala"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "xalavéj",
"sense": "gale, high wind; fig. empty-headed person",
"word": "халаве́й"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "hála",
"word": "ха́ла"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "ala",
"word": "ала"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "а́ла"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ха́ла"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ála"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "hála"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
]
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "chala"
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"sense": "tall man, giant",
"word": "ochala"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"sense": "large creature",
"word": "χała"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "mythical being, monster",
"word": "hală"
}
],
"lang": "Non-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Ala (demon)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "χάλαζα",
"4": "",
"5": "hail"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χάλαζα (khálaza, “hail”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*želdъ",
"3": "",
"4": "sleet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *želdъ (“sleet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*xoliti",
"3": "",
"4": "to indulge, to behave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xoliti (“to indulge, to behave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skaláuti",
"3": "",
"4": "to rinse"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian skaláuti (“to rinse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*xalěti",
"3": "*-a",
"t1": "to bash, to strike"
},
"expansion": "*xalěti (“to bash, to strike”) + *-a",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "χαλάω",
"4": "",
"5": "to wreck havoc, to slacken"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χαλάω (khaláō, “to wreck havoc, to slacken”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "хало́сам",
"3": "",
"4": "to smack"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian хало́сам (halósam, “to smack”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "آلا",
"t": "spotted, variegated",
"tr": "ala"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish آلا (ala, “spotted, variegated”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear. Several proposed etymologies exist:\n* Based on sense “hail, blizzard, tempest”:\n** Borrowed origin: According to Iv. Georgieva, from some dialectal form of Ancient Greek χάλαζα (khálaza, “hail”), likely cognate with Proto-Slavic *želdъ (“sleet”).\n** Native grammatical origin: Per Brückner, related to *xalěpa (“bad weather”) (of disputed origin), *xoľavъ (“murky, muddy”). Possibly akin to Etymology 1 + Proto-Slavic *xoliti (“to indulge, to behave”) and further to Lithuanian skaláuti (“to rinse”).\n* Based on sense “typhon, calamity”:\n** Native or borrowed expressive origin: Per M. Bjeletić, from *xaliti, *xalěti (“to bash, to strike”) + *-a or from Ancient Greek χαλάω (khaláō, “to wreck havoc, to slacken”) (whence Bulgarian хало́сам (halósam, “to smack”)).\n** Onomatopoeic origin: Per Iljinsky, possibly akin to semi-onomatopoeic *šalъ (“intemperate, naughty”), *šaliti (“to play pranks, to infuriate”). Favoured by Trubačev and Meljničuk (ESSJa).\n** Substantivized origin: Perhaps from a substantivization of *xalavъ (“insatiable, gluttonous”), *xalъkъ (“insolent”), related to the above hypothesis.\n* Based on sense “dragon” in Serbian and Macedonian:\n** Recent borrowing from Ottoman Turkish: According to early Serbo-Croatian philologists, South Slavic term has developed from Ottoman Turkish آلا (ala, “spotted, variegated”), euphemistic for ییلان (yılan, “snake”). Correspondances in other branches are presumably coincidental. Disputed on phonetical basis by Trubačev, Brückner, and some Serbo-Croatian linguists.\nSkok does not exclude contamination of various sources.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "xala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xalamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xaly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "xalami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "xalasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xalě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "*xala f",
"name": "sla-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xala",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 6 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 4 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "xalętina"
},
{
"word": "xališče"
},
{
"tags": [
"augmentative"
],
"word": "xalina"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tempest, blizzard, hail-bringer depicted as a serpentine or ichthyoid monster, as a stormy nebula, or personified as a witch"
],
"id": "en-xala-sla-pro-noun-anLfWdT4",
"links": [
[
"Slavic",
"Slavic"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"tempest",
"tempest"
],
[
"blizzard",
"blizzard"
],
[
"hail",
"hail"
],
[
"bringer",
"bringer"
],
[
"serpentine",
"serpentine"
],
[
"ichthyoid",
"ichthyoid"
],
[
"stormy",
"stormy"
],
[
"nebula",
"nebula"
],
[
"witch",
"witch"
]
],
"qualifier": "Slavic mythology",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Slavic mythology) tempest, blizzard, hail-bringer depicted as a serpentine or ichthyoid monster, as a stormy nebula, or personified as a witch"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*xmara"
},
{
"word": "*vila"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "xala"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Even",
"lang_code": "eve",
"roman": "al",
"word": "ал"
},
{
"lang": "Evenki",
"lang_code": "evn",
"roman": "ala",
"word": "ала"
},
{
"lang": "Evenki",
"lang_code": "evn",
"roman": "alag",
"word": "алаг"
},
{
"lang": "Negidal",
"lang_code": "neg",
"roman": "ala",
"word": "ала"
},
{
"lang": "Negidal",
"lang_code": "neg",
"roman": "alan",
"word": "алан"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Tungusic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Oroch",
"lang_code": "oac",
"roman": "ala",
"word": "ала"
},
{
"lang": "Udihe",
"lang_code": "ude",
"roman": "ala",
"word": "ала"
}
],
"lang": "Central",
"lang_code": "ckb"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Nanai",
"lang_code": "gld",
"roman": "hala",
"word": "хала"
},
{
"lang": "Orok",
"lang_code": "oaa",
"roman": "halí",
"word": "хали́"
},
{
"lang": "Ulch",
"lang_code": "ulc",
"roman": "xala",
"word": "хала"
}
],
"lang": "South-Eastern",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Tungusic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Tungusic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "evn",
"2": "алаг"
},
"expansion": "Evenki алаг (alag)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "niv",
"2": "ӿал",
"t": "collar"
},
"expansion": "Nivkh ӿал (hal, “collar”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cincius reconstructs *xalag, however final *-g only appears in Evenki алаг (alag). As suggested by Khabtagaeva, this has to be identified as collective suffix *-g. So, the correct form can be reconstructed as *xala, according to Knapen.\nPossibly borrowed from Proto-Nivkh *hal(ŋ) (“collar”). Compare Nivkh ӿал (hal, “collar”), ӿалӈ (halŋ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tuw-pro-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "xala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaŋī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaladua",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaladiki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalagiʒi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaʒi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalāki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalatiki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalagili",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*xala",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "tuw-pro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tungusic",
"lang_code": "tuw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/xala",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Tungusic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tug (of dogs), belt"
],
"id": "en-xala-tuw-pro-noun-wf~vTVHC",
"links": [
[
"tug",
"tug"
],
[
"belt",
"belt"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "xala"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "fa",
"3": "خاله",
"tr": "xâle"
},
"expansion": "Persian خاله (xâle)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "ar",
"3": "خالة"
},
"expansion": "Arabic خالة (ḵāla)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Persian خاله (xâle), ultimately from Arabic خالة (ḵāla).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xalanı",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "xala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaladan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaımı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarımı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaımızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarımızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaınızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarınızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaımıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarımıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaınıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarınıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaımızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarımızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaınızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarınızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaımızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarımızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaınızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarınızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaımın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarımın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaımızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarımızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaınızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarınızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "xala (definite accusative xalanı, plural xalalar)",
"name": "az-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"xa",
"la"
]
}
],
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "male paternal cousin",
"translation": "male paternal cousin",
"word": "əmioğlu"
},
{
"english": "female paternal cousin",
"translation": "female paternal cousin",
"word": "əmiqızı"
},
{
"english": "male maternal cousin",
"translation": "male maternal cousin",
"word": "dayıoğlu"
},
{
"english": "female paternal cousin",
"translation": "female paternal cousin",
"word": "dayıqızı"
},
{
"english": "sororal niece",
"translation": "sororal niece",
"word": "bacıqızı"
},
{
"english": "sororal nephew",
"translation": "sororal nephew",
"word": "bacıoğlu"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Azerbaijani entries with incorrect language header",
"Azerbaijani lemmas",
"Azerbaijani nouns",
"Azerbaijani terms borrowed from Persian",
"Azerbaijani terms derived from Arabic",
"Azerbaijani terms derived from Persian",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"az:Family members"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "paternal aunt",
"translation": "paternal aunt",
"word": "bibi"
},
{
"english": "paternal uncle",
"translation": "paternal uncle",
"word": "əmi"
},
{
"english": "maternal uncle",
"translation": "maternal uncle",
"word": "dayı"
}
],
"glosses": [
"maternal aunt (one's mother's sister)"
],
"links": [
[
"maternal aunt",
"maternal aunt"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[xɑˈɫɑ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9292 (aze)-Zexan2-xala.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/LL-Q9292_%28aze%29-Zexan2-xala.wav/LL-Q9292_%28aze%29-Zexan2-xala.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/LL-Q9292_%28aze%29-Zexan2-xala.wav/LL-Q9292_%28aze%29-Zexan2-xala.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Tabriz"
]
}
],
"word": "xala"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan feminine nouns",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan non-lemma forms",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xales",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "xala f (plural xales)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a pleasure outing or excursion, especially a noisy one"
],
"links": [
[
"outing",
"outing"
],
[
"excursion",
"excursion"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "forada"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "xala"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan non-lemma forms",
"Catalan verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "xala",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "xalar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of xalar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"xalar",
"xalar#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "xalar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of xalar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"xalar",
"xalar#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "xala"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nci",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"cat2": "headword lines missing parameters",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "xala",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "xala",
"name": "nci-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Classical Nahuatl",
"lang_code": "nci",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "xāllah"
}
],
"categories": [
"Classical Nahuatl entries with incorrect language header",
"Classical Nahuatl headword lines missing parameters",
"Classical Nahuatl lemmas",
"Classical Nahuatl links with redundant target parameters",
"Classical Nahuatl nouns",
"Classical Nahuatl obsolete forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"obsolete spelling of xāllah"
],
"links": [
[
"xāllah",
"xallah#Classical_Nahuatl"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"locative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "xala"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kxc",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "xala",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Konso",
"lang_code": "kxc",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Konso adverbs",
"Konso entries with incorrect language header",
"Konso lemmas",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"yesterday"
],
"links": [
[
"yesterday",
"yesterday"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/χala/"
}
],
"word": "xala"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-a"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "xalina"
},
{
"word": "xalica"
},
{
"word": "xalъka"
},
{
"word": ">? *xalǫga"
},
{
"english": "scrub, hedge, bundle",
"translation": "scrub, hedge, bundle",
"word": "xaliga"
},
{
"english": "cottage",
"translation": "cottage",
"word": ">? *xalupa"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"roman": "xalʹ",
"sense": "rag",
"word": "халь"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "xal",
"word": "хал"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "xálovščina",
"sense": "junk, worthless stuff",
"word": "ха́ловщина"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "xalʹjó",
"sense": "old dress",
"word": "хальё"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "hálište",
"sense": "rough fabric, mat",
"word": "ха́лище"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain",
"pl"
],
"roman": "ališta",
"sense": "clothing",
"word": "алишта"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ха̏ља"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ха̀љина"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "hȁlja"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "hàljina"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "chalka"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "overgarment",
"word": "halka"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "chała"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"raw_tags": [
"pl"
],
"sense": "rags",
"word": "chałë"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ksōleh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ksōleh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*xalati",
"3": "*-a",
"t1": "to wear out, to rag"
},
"expansion": "*xalati (“to wear out, to rag”) + *-a",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*xajati",
"3": "*xati",
"t": "to stagger, to reel; to be concerned"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xati (“to stagger, to reel; to be concerned”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kes-",
"4": "",
"5": "to mow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to mow”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Per Snoj and Trubačev, from Proto-Indo-European *ksōleh₂, *ksōlyeh₂, perhaps an action/resultant noun of *xalati (“to wear out, to rag”) + *-a or substantivized from the l-participle of Proto-Slavic *xati (“to stagger, to reel; to be concerned”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to mow”). Trubačev further identifies this term with Etymology 2.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xàla",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "xala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xàly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xàly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xàly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlamī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xàlě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xàly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "*xalь",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*xaľa",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"head": "*xàla"
},
"expansion": "*xàla f",
"name": "sla-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xala",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "naxalъ"
},
{
"english": "insolent person",
"translation": "insolent person",
"word": "xalujь"
},
{
"english": "bounder, slob",
"translation": "bounder, slob",
"word": ">? *xalъda"
},
{
"word": "xalъkъ"
},
{
"english": "crummy, intrusive; insolent, quarrelsome (for person)",
"translation": "crummy, intrusive; insolent, quarrelsome (for person)",
"word": "xalovъ"
},
{
"english": "vanity, futility",
"translation": "vanity, futility",
"word": ">? *xalostь"
},
{
"word": "xalavъ"
},
{
"english": "avid, insatiable",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"translation": "avid, insatiable",
"word": "xalovitъ"
},
{
"english": "to tend, to care for",
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"translation": "to tend, to care for",
"word": "xoliti"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"something torn, shattered, worn-out"
],
"links": [
[
"torn",
"torn"
],
[
"shattered",
"shattered"
],
[
"worn-out",
"worn-out"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cheap cloth, rag"
],
"links": [
[
"cheap",
"cheap"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"rag",
"rag"
]
],
"qualifier": "via specialization",
"raw_glosses": [
"(via specialization) cheap cloth, rag"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "xala"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "xalętina"
},
{
"word": "xališče"
},
{
"tags": [
"augmentative"
],
"word": "xalina"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "xalavéj",
"sense": "gale, high wind; fig. empty-headed person",
"word": "халаве́й"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "hála",
"word": "ха́ла"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"roman": "ala",
"word": "ала"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "а́ла"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ха́ла"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ála"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "hála"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
]
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "chala"
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"sense": "tall man, giant",
"word": "ochala"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"sense": "large creature",
"word": "χała"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "mythical being, monster",
"word": "hală"
}
],
"lang": "Non-Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Ala (demon)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "χάλαζα",
"4": "",
"5": "hail"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χάλαζα (khálaza, “hail”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*želdъ",
"3": "",
"4": "sleet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *želdъ (“sleet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*xoliti",
"3": "",
"4": "to indulge, to behave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xoliti (“to indulge, to behave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "skaláuti",
"3": "",
"4": "to rinse"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian skaláuti (“to rinse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*xalěti",
"3": "*-a",
"t1": "to bash, to strike"
},
"expansion": "*xalěti (“to bash, to strike”) + *-a",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "χαλάω",
"4": "",
"5": "to wreck havoc, to slacken"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χαλάω (khaláō, “to wreck havoc, to slacken”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "хало́сам",
"3": "",
"4": "to smack"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian хало́сам (halósam, “to smack”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "آلا",
"t": "spotted, variegated",
"tr": "ala"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish آلا (ala, “spotted, variegated”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear. Several proposed etymologies exist:\n* Based on sense “hail, blizzard, tempest”:\n** Borrowed origin: According to Iv. Georgieva, from some dialectal form of Ancient Greek χάλαζα (khálaza, “hail”), likely cognate with Proto-Slavic *želdъ (“sleet”).\n** Native grammatical origin: Per Brückner, related to *xalěpa (“bad weather”) (of disputed origin), *xoľavъ (“murky, muddy”). Possibly akin to Etymology 1 + Proto-Slavic *xoliti (“to indulge, to behave”) and further to Lithuanian skaláuti (“to rinse”).\n* Based on sense “typhon, calamity”:\n** Native or borrowed expressive origin: Per M. Bjeletić, from *xaliti, *xalěti (“to bash, to strike”) + *-a or from Ancient Greek χαλάω (khaláō, “to wreck havoc, to slacken”) (whence Bulgarian хало́сам (halósam, “to smack”)).\n** Onomatopoeic origin: Per Iljinsky, possibly akin to semi-onomatopoeic *šalъ (“intemperate, naughty”), *šaliti (“to play pranks, to infuriate”). Favoured by Trubačev and Meljničuk (ESSJa).\n** Substantivized origin: Perhaps from a substantivization of *xalavъ (“insatiable, gluttonous”), *xalъkъ (“insolent”), related to the above hypothesis.\n* Based on sense “dragon” in Serbian and Macedonian:\n** Recent borrowing from Ottoman Turkish: According to early Serbo-Croatian philologists, South Slavic term has developed from Ottoman Turkish آلا (ala, “spotted, variegated”), euphemistic for ییلان (yılan, “snake”). Correspondances in other branches are presumably coincidental. Disputed on phonetical basis by Trubačev, Brückner, and some Serbo-Croatian linguists.\nSkok does not exclude contamination of various sources.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "xala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xaly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "xalъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xalamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xaly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "xalami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "xalasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xalo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xalě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xaly",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "*xala f",
"name": "sla-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xala",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"sla-pro:Slavic mythology"
],
"glosses": [
"tempest, blizzard, hail-bringer depicted as a serpentine or ichthyoid monster, as a stormy nebula, or personified as a witch"
],
"links": [
[
"Slavic",
"Slavic"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"tempest",
"tempest"
],
[
"blizzard",
"blizzard"
],
[
"hail",
"hail"
],
[
"bringer",
"bringer"
],
[
"serpentine",
"serpentine"
],
[
"ichthyoid",
"ichthyoid"
],
[
"stormy",
"stormy"
],
[
"nebula",
"nebula"
],
[
"witch",
"witch"
]
],
"qualifier": "Slavic mythology",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Slavic mythology) tempest, blizzard, hail-bringer depicted as a serpentine or ichthyoid monster, as a stormy nebula, or personified as a witch"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*xmara"
},
{
"word": "*vila"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "xala"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Even",
"lang_code": "eve",
"roman": "al",
"word": "ал"
},
{
"lang": "Evenki",
"lang_code": "evn",
"roman": "ala",
"word": "ала"
},
{
"lang": "Evenki",
"lang_code": "evn",
"roman": "alag",
"word": "алаг"
},
{
"lang": "Negidal",
"lang_code": "neg",
"roman": "ala",
"word": "ала"
},
{
"lang": "Negidal",
"lang_code": "neg",
"roman": "alan",
"word": "алан"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Tungusic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Oroch",
"lang_code": "oac",
"roman": "ala",
"word": "ала"
},
{
"lang": "Udihe",
"lang_code": "ude",
"roman": "ala",
"word": "ала"
}
],
"lang": "Central",
"lang_code": "ckb"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Nanai",
"lang_code": "gld",
"roman": "hala",
"word": "хала"
},
{
"lang": "Orok",
"lang_code": "oaa",
"roman": "halí",
"word": "хали́"
},
{
"lang": "Ulch",
"lang_code": "ulc",
"roman": "xala",
"word": "хала"
}
],
"lang": "South-Eastern",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Tungusic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Tungusic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "evn",
"2": "алаг"
},
"expansion": "Evenki алаг (alag)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "niv",
"2": "ӿал",
"t": "collar"
},
"expansion": "Nivkh ӿал (hal, “collar”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cincius reconstructs *xalag, however final *-g only appears in Evenki алаг (alag). As suggested by Khabtagaeva, this has to be identified as collective suffix *-g. So, the correct form can be reconstructed as *xala, according to Knapen.\nPossibly borrowed from Proto-Nivkh *hal(ŋ) (“collar”). Compare Nivkh ӿал (hal, “collar”), ӿалӈ (halŋ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tuw-pro-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "xala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaŋī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaladua",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xaladiki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalagiʒi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalaʒi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalalāki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalatiki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xalagili",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*xala",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "tuw-pro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tungusic",
"lang_code": "tuw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/xala",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Tungusic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Tungusic lemmas",
"Proto-Tungusic nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"tug (of dogs), belt"
],
"links": [
[
"tug",
"tug"
],
[
"belt",
"belt"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "xala"
}
Download raw JSONL data for xala meaning in All languages combined (34.8kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"xala"
],
"section": "Azerbaijani",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "xala",
"trace": "started on line 60, detected on line 60"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"xala"
],
"section": "Azerbaijani",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "xala",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.